New NIH grant supports development of experimental pediatric HIV vaccine

New NIH grant supports development of experimental pediatric HIV vaccine

A multi-institutional team led by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators has been awarded a five-year, $20.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, for advanced preclinical development of a promising experimental HIV vaccine. A successful vaccine to prevent new HIV infections would be a major…

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Researchers provide new insights into how exercise helps lose weight

Researchers provide new insights into how exercise helps lose weight

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine and collaborating institutions provide new insights into how exercise helps lose weight. The researchers discovered a mechanism by which the compound Lac-Phe, which is produced during exercise, reduces appetite in mice,…

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Decline in pediatric rescue breathing increased deaths during the pandemic

Decline in pediatric rescue breathing increased deaths during the pandemic

Cardiac arrest happens when the heart stops pumping blood properly, cutting off oxygen to the brain and other vital organs. In these emergencies, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can help keep blood and oxygen moving until medical help arrives. For children, CPR usually needs both chest compressions and rescue breaths, because many cases are caused by breathing…

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Medicaid-insured kids with anorexia face longer hospital stays

Medicaid-insured kids with anorexia face longer hospital stays

Medicaid-insured kids with anorexia hospitalized for medical stabilization remain in hospital longer than peers with private insurance despite similar illness severity, according to a study from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago published in the Journal of Eating Disorders. Authors highlight poor access to post-discharge care – such as residential treatment, partial…

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Many preschoolers with ADHD receive medication before behavioral therapy

Many preschoolers with ADHD receive medication before behavioral therapy

Young children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder often receive medication just after being diagnosed, which contravenes treatment guidelines endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, a Stanford Medicine-led study has found. The finding, which will be published Aug. 29 in JAMA Network Open, highlights a gap in medical care for 4- and 5-year-olds with ADHD. Treatment…

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Children in low-opportunity neighborhoods face much higher risk of gun injuries

Children in low-opportunity neighborhoods face much higher risk of gun injuries

Children residing in “very low-opportunity” neighborhoods are up to 20 times more likely to be hospitalized for gun injuries than those living in the most advantaged areas, reports a new multi-state study published in Pediatrics. The study also found that most hospitalizations for gun injuries among children under 18 are the result of unintentional shootings…

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Computational approach provides insight into neural progenitor cells and their role in brain disorders

Computational approach provides insight into neural progenitor cells and their role in brain disorders

For much of the 20th century it was thought that the adult brain was incapable of regeneration. This view has since shifted dramatically and neurogenesis – the birth of new neurons – is now a widely accepted phenomenon in the adult brain, offering promising avenues for treating many neurological conditions. One of the main challenges…

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School connectedness protects adolescents from depression linked to bullying

School connectedness protects adolescents from depression linked to bullying

School connectedness buffers against depression symptoms associated with being a victim of peer bullying in adolescence, according to a study published in BMC Public Health. School connectedness was measured by the degrees of inclusiveness, closeness, happiness and safety of adolescents within the school environment. We found that peer bullying during adolescence was associated with higher…

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