Multiple sclerosis is a permanent, progressive neurological condition in which the protective covering called the myelin sheath of the nerve cells is permanently damaged. Damage to the protective covering shows symptoms like fatigue, vision problems, muscle weakness, shaking of the body, loss of balance, speech problems, respiratory issues and others.
Multiple sclerosis rehabilitation will help maintain and restore maximal functional ability and quality of life. Rehabilitation focuses on maximising current strengths and abilities while also focusing on education and energy management.
Importance of Early Rehabilitation of Multiple Sclerosis
MS has no known cure; however, there are therapies like physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, etc, to help control its symptoms. According to research, treating MS as soon as possible is associated with a slower rate of disability progression and less loss of productivity than treating the illness later on.
Studies show that patients who began treatment earlier (less than six months) had a significantly higher prevalence of nervous system diseases than patients who started treatment later (more than eighteen months). Early treatment also prevents disability in up to 60% of cases.
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How to Diagnose Early Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis doesn’t have any particular testing. Medical history, physical examination, MRI, and spinal tap information are used to make the diagnosis.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This investigation may reveal regions of the brain and spinal cord affected by multiple sclerosis.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis or Lumbar Puncture or Spinal Tap: A little sample of cerebrospinal fluid is collected from the spinal canal for laboratory analysis. Changes in antibodies associated with multiple sclerosis may be visible in this sample. Infections and other illnesses that have symptoms similar to MS can also be ruled out with the use of a spinal tap.
- Blood Tests: Blood tests are also recommended to rule out some other diseases similar to multiple sclerosis.
Treatment For Early Multiple Sclerosis
The multiple sclerosis treatment is to control symptoms, avoid complications, and reduce further damage. Some possible components of your treatment strategy are:
- Medication
- Deep brain stimulation for reduced muscle stiffness
- Plasmapheresis is a plasma exchange therapy through which the damage caused by antibodies to the body is minimised.
- Anti-seizure medication
- Medication that controls cognitive behaviour
For long-term treatment or rehabilitation, it is very beneficial to relieve symptoms.
1. Physical therapy: Physical therapists assess and treat the mobility and function of your body. They are invaluable for walking and mobility problems, as well as for strength, balance, posture, discomfort, and fatigue. Exercise, gait training, and education in the use of mobility aids (such as canes, crutches, and wheelchairs) and other assistive equipment may all be included in physical therapy. PT helps you reach and maintain maximum performance while supporting independence and safety.
2. Speech Therapy: The speech therapist assesses and treats issues related to swallowing and speech. Damage to the central nervous system that impairs muscle control may cause these problems. Clear communication, safe swallowing, and general health can all be improved with speech therapy.
3. Occupational Therapy
Supporting daily tasks including cooking, dressing, and taking a shower, evaluating your living and working spaces to spot possible risks and make them more effective to meet your requirements, suggesting specialised tools or assistive technology for use at work or home.
How Early Rehab Prevents Multiple Sclerosis
The immune system unintentionally targets the brain and spinal cord, which are part of the central nervous system, in multiple sclerosis. It mainly targets the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common of the several forms of MS. In this case, the brain and spinal cord develop lesions as a result of the peripheral immune system attacking itself. These lesions are what cause some of the initial signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
Damage to the brain and spinal cord can be mitigated by early rehabilitation, and additional lesions may be prevented with timely intervention. Early rehabilitation reduces your brain reservations, increasing the chance of developing a more severe form of multiple sclerosis sooner. Early rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis involves strategies to improve or maintain functional ability, prevent complications and enhance overall quality of life.
