The study also identified group differences. “People who worked outdoors, such as farmers or construction workers, were more affected by sun exposure,” showing stronger associations with both life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. “Families with young children also seemed to respond more to sunshine,” possibly due to increased time spent outside. In addition, “older adults appeared to benefit more from a sunny week in terms of reduced depressive symptoms, while younger adults’ life satisfaction was more responsive to same-day sunshine.”
To test the reliability of these findings, the researchers verified that “future sunshine, that is, the amount of sunlight after the interview, did not predict well-being.” They also confirmed that the results held across alternative statistical models. Notably, “respondents interviewed after 7 p.m., who would have already experienced nearly all of the day’s sunlight—still found that same-day sunshine was associated with higher life satisfaction.”
Despite the study’s strengths, the authors acknowledged several limitations. These included the possibility that “people might be more or less likely to agree to an interview depending on the weather” and that “people may give more socially acceptable answers in face-to-face interviews.” They also noted the potential influence of unmeasured variables.
Ultimately, the study “contributes to a growing body of research exploring how daily environmental conditions relate to mental and emotional well-being.” While sunshine does appear to influence mood and life satisfaction, “the impact is relatively modest.” As the authors conclude, the findings “suggest a more measured view: sunshine does matter, but it’s only one piece of a larger puzzle when it comes to human happiness and mental health.”
